Najpoznatija od svih medicinskih pečurki s godišnjom prodajom od preko 2 milijarde dolara, G. lucidum ima široki spektar zdravstvenih pogodnosti koje duguje visokom sadržaju polisaharida (Stamets izveštava da karpofor sadrži 41% beta- glukana) i jedinjenjima triterpenoida. Identifikovano je preko 130 vrsta koje pripadaju dvema familijama; funkcije ganoderične i luciderične kiseline obuhvataju:
Sprečavanje oslobađanja histamina Zaštitu jetre Sprečavanje hipertenzije (AKE inhibitori) Sprečavanje sinteze holesterola Sprečavanje upale Izazivanje apoptoze Sprečavanje virusne indukcije Antioksidantska svojstva Antitumorna svojstva Smirivanje CNS Antimikrobna svojstva Imunomodulatorna svojstva Nedavno se javilo interesovanje za spore bogate lipidima za koje su in vitro istraživanja pokazala da su antikancerogeni agensi koji sprečavaju pojavu tumora. Međutim, nedavna uporedna istraživanja imunomodulatornih i antitumorskih aktivnosti spora s pocepanim spoljnim omotačem i ekstrakta kompletnog karpofora pokazalo je da spore s pocepanim spoljašnjim omotačem nisu efikasnije u poređenju s ostalim gljivama.
G. lucidum pokazuje izuzetno visoka inhibitorna svojstva monofenol monooksigenaze s najvećom aktivnošću u vodenom ekstraktu. Zbog toga se koristi u mnogim komercijalnim proizvodima za izbeljivanje kože, i ima mnogo medicinskih implikacija, posebno u vezi s Parkinsonovom bolešću.
RAK – G. lucidum ima dugu istoriju tradicionalnog korišćenja u lečenju raka i zaslužna je za mnoge slučajeve spontanog povlačenja.
Pored imunomodulatornog dejstva zbog visokog sadržaja polisaharida, njeni triterpeni pokazuju značajnu citotoksičnu aktivnost protiv različitih ćelijskih linija raka, kao i inhibitorno dejstvo u slučaju Epštajn-Barovog virusa koji se vezuje za pojavu nekih vrsta raka. Pored toga, triterpeni iz G. lucidum pokazuju inhibiciju nuklearnih transkripcionih faktora, NF-kapa B (NF-kB), koji je previše izražen u različitim ćelijskim linijama raka, a takođe i u signalnom putu aktivacionog proeina.
Inhibicija NF-kB posebno je važna za aktivnost G. lucidum u slučajevima raka dojke i raka prostate, jer se smatra da igra najbitniju ulogu u nezavisnom porastu hormona i širenju ovih vrsta raka.
Studije koje proučavaju ekstrakte polisaharida G. lucidum potvrdile su njenu sposobnost poboljšanja imuniteta pacijenata obolelih od raka i to povećanjem nivoa aktivnosti NK ćelija (ćelija ubica) i Th1 citokina, i smanjenjem nivoa Th2 citokina kod pacijenata s rakom pluća u uznapredovalom stadijumu.
ALERGIJE – Pored imunomodulatornih, G. lucidum pokazuje i jaka antiinflamatorna svojstva tako što suzbija faktor nekroze tumora-alfa (TNF-alfa), interleukin-6 (IL-6), azotni oksid (NO) koji omogućava upalu, i prostaglandin E(2), što je olakšano inhibicijom NF-kB i signalnog puta aktivacionog proteina. Ova kombinacija imunomodulatorne i antiinflamatorne aktivnosti povećava njenu efikasnost u lečenju alergija i drugih upalnih oboljenja.
G. lucidum je komponenta FAHF-2, kineske biljne formule za koju se zna da potpuno blokira anafilaktičke reakcije na alergiju na kikiriki kod miševa.
OBOLJENJA JETRE – Već dugo je karpofor G. lucidum popularni tradicionalni lek za oboljenja jetre i dokazao je da poseduje hepatoprotektivna svojstva. Izgleda da G. lucidum duguje deo ovih svojstava sposobnostima triterpena da blokiraju beta receptor faktora rasta krvnih pločica (PDGFbetaR), koji time sprečava aktivaciju i proliferaciju zvezdastih ćelija jetre, ključnog momenta fibroze jetre.
G. lucidum se takođe tradicionalno koristi u lečenju hepatitisa, i u kliničkom istraživanju 355 slučaja lečenja hepatitisa B Wulingdan pilulom koja za glavni sastojak ima G. lucidum, pokazano je da je 92,4% pacijenata pozitivno reagovalo na lečenje. Izgleda da su triterpeni još jednom ključni sastojci u toj vrsti borbe.
HIPERTENZIJA – G. lucidum ima široki uticaj na kardiovaskularno zdravlje. Polisaharidi i triterpeni iz G. lucidum pokazali su hipolipidemijska, hipotenzivna i antitrombotička svojstva, dok je preparat s polisaharidima (Ganopoly) doveo do poboljšanja EKG-a, smanjenja bolova u grudima, palpitacija i kraćeg daha u duplo-slepom nasumičnom višecentarskom istraživanju. Neka jedinjenja triterpenida iz G. lucidum već su pokazala blaga inhibitorna svojstva angiotenzin konvertujućeg enzima.
NESANICA/ANKSIOZNOST – Tradicionalno ime G. lucidum , „duhovna pečurka“, ukazuje na sedativno dejstvo njenih triterpenoidskih sastojaka, i mnogi travari cene njeno dejstvo kod nesanice. Kristofer Hobs preporučuje G. lucidum u slučajevima nesanice, dok je Mizuno preporučuje za „mentalnu stabilizaciju“.
REUMATOIDNI ARTRITIS – Kombinacija imunomodulatornih i antiinflamatornih svojstava G. lucidum sugeriše potencijalnu primenu u lečenju autoimunih stanja poput reumatoidnog artritisa. Dokazano je da deo proteoglikana iz G. lucidum sprečava proizvodnju sinovijalnih fibroblasta reumatoidnog artritisa in vitro, delom i putem inhibicije transkripcijskih puteva NF-kB.
USPORAVA STARENJE – Dokazano je da ekstrakt G. lucidum , za koju se dugo smatralo da poboljšava dugovečnost, inhibira beta-amiloidnu sinaptičku toksičnost i ima potencijalno dejstvo protiv Alchajmerove bolesti. Pored toga, široki spektar kardiovaskularnih, neuroloških i imunoliških efekata G. lucidum uz pozitivne efekte kontrole šećera i holesterola u krvi čine G. lucidum odličnim opštim zdravstvenim suplementom.
KRATAK KLINIČKI PREGLED
Osnovna primena u terapiji: alergije, unapređenje funkcija jetre, rak (posebno dojke i prostate), hipertenzija, nesanica/anksioznost.
Pored Cordyceps Sinesis, G. lucidum ima najširi spektar indikacija i zajedno ove dve pečurke čine dobru kombinaciju u lečenju problema pluća i jetre, i pružaju dobru opštu podršku.
Ključni sastojci: triterpeni i polisaharidi.
Doza: Čang kaže da je dnevna doza u opštenarodnoj upotrebi 25-300 g karpofora u formi esencije (vodenog ekstrakta), i da su slučajevi spontane remisije postignuti korišćenjem sličnih doza. Razmere zasićenosti ekstrakta najčešće variraju 12-18:1. Ukoliko je prosečna razmera zasićenosti 15:1, to je 2-20g ekstrakta dnevno, a pritom većina ljudi koristi niži stepen spektra, tj. 3-6 g dnevno. Za ostale probleme uobičajene su niže doze 1-3 g dnevno.
Nivoi polisaharida i triterpena najviši su u karpoforu i tradicionalno se ekstrahuju dobijanjem esencije u vreloj vodi (tj. prokuvavanjem i pravljenjem čaja). Ipak, iako je vodeni ekstrakt idealan za polisaharide, koji su visokorastvorljivi u vodi, triterpeni se slabo rastvaraju u vodi, ali se lako rastvaraju u alkoholu. Pošto se polisaharidi istalože iz rastvora alkohola, neki proizvođači dopunjuju vodeni ekstrakt bogat polisaharidima s triterpenima dobijenim iz alkoholnih rastvora i tako kombinuju pozitivne strane polisaharida i triterpena dobijenih iz G. lucidum .
Oprez – Potreban kod pacijenata koji horiste lekove protiv hipertenzije ili sedative. Antikoagulantna svojstva G. lucidum znače da je oprez potreban i kada se koristi s drugim antikoagulantima (lekovima).
Ovaj tekst i sajt su edukativnog karaktera, namenjeni za opšte obrazovanje i u informativne svrhe, nisu zamena za profesionalni medicinski savet, ispitivanje, dijagnozu ili lečenje.
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